Gwenda and Peter All photos by Sheena Joley. Numbers of convicts compared to non-convicts. After 1718, approximately 60,000 convicts, dubbed "the King's passengers," were sent from England to America. Baby Girl. After the American Revolution, England was no longer able to dispose of its convicts in the New World. Female convicts continued to be shipped to the Colony on every concurrent transport right up until The Last Fleet which arrived in Sydney on the tenth of January 1868. The First Fleet is the name given to the group of eleven ships carrying convicts, the first to do so, that left England in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January 1788.The ships The British army has sent convicts to war, perhaps most notably during the time of Wellington and the Peninsular War. Religious freedom was also a motive for the colonists. Arrived 20th August, 1849 at Port Phillip [convicts did not disembark at Port Phillip, but were sent on to Sydney] Average sentence: 7 The joke about Australia is that it was founded by a bunch of criminals. Possibly the most famous female convict of all time, Joan of Arc was born in France around 1412 and convicted of heresy at the age of 19. These series all contain lists of names of emigrants, settlers and convicts: CO 202, CO 201, CO 360 and CO 369: 1788-1859: Home Office convicts, New South Wales and Tasmania papers. Search and browse a fully transcribed list of convicts and former convicts sent to New South Wales between 1780-1819. The number of convicts transported in the First Fleet is unclear; there were between 750-780 convicts and around 550 crew, soldiers and family members. This memoir eventually became so popular that it kept being printed for over a century, into the late 1700s. Appendix V: Specimen Landing Certificate for Felons 1719. A member of one of the controlling families of FCF Co, Convicts were sent to America until the outbreak of the wars of independence. (They were sold as slaves there, a part of USA history not spoken about over there now). First Fleet entering Port Jackson on January 26 1788. This document is the convict James Revels colorful memoir of being sent to Virginia as a criminal in the mid-to-late 17th century. The database includes more than 48,000 names of convicts sent to Australia between 1788 and 1868. Stars: Ben Cross, Lisa The database includes more than 48,000 names of Dr. Lang, after comparing various estimates, concludes that the number sent might be about 5o,ooo altogether." There were two major convict colonies: New South Wales (1788-1840) and Van Diemens Land (later Tasmania, 1803-1853). This four-hour miniseries tells the story of Ikey Solomon, his wife Hannah and his mistress Mary, who get caught in the criminal world of early 19th-century London and the convict settlement of Van Diemen's Land in Australia. The British Government first sent convicts to New South Wales, Australia in 1788, after the American Revolution. Crimes that attracted banishment were ones against society, such as theft and deception. The most common crime committed by British convicts shipped to America was theft. The gender ratio for males to females was 2:1. Ages varied wildly; one girl was aged nine and four boys were 10 years old. Legislation Great Britain sent an estimated 50,000 convicts to the American colonies during the 17th century. During the American Revolutionary War (177583) transportation was put on hold. FCF names Chou family member, former yogurt entrepreneur as Bumble Bee CEO. There were several names of women on the surgeon's Randolph. Passenger lists for paying immigrants usually list only names. In 1791, the first shipload of convicts left Cork harbour for New South Wales, following the so Gwenda and Peter Rushton. 7 Abrams, Henry Abrahams, Esther London 30 August, 1786 7 Abell, Mary, alias Tilley Worcester 5 March, 1785 7 The majority died from diseases such as typhoid and cholera. Apendix II: List of Ships Carrying London, Middlesex and Home Countries Convicts to America 1716-1775. The database includes more than 48,000 names of Another nine died before reaching Santa Cruz plus Between 1776 and 1795 nearly 2000 out of almost 6000 convicts held on hulks, died. The Convicts Memoir. The convicts were not fed very well. One night in March, he accompanied a whaleboat with four convict crew and a coxswain, taking the doctor across to Point Puer to see a sick boy. A Surname. Minorca, Nile and Canada [Contract/Deed Poll] Transportation of convicts from England to Name, Where, Convicted, Date Of Conviction, Years Abel, Robert London 23 Feb. 1785. Women were transported for lesser crimes than men committed to 26th January is the official national day of Australia and marks the arrival of the First Fleet of British ships and the raising of the Union flag at Sydney Cove. The American War of Independence putting an end to America as a colony, another place had to be thought up to send convicts, and the east coast of Australia seemed a likely Transportation to "the east coast of In the 1700s most criminals who were sentenced to transportation were sent to British colonies in America. There is thus some overlap with Prison Registers 1770-1951 and Hulks Registers 1801-1879, Assignment lists, and other record series that list convicts by ships, such as the British Transportation Registers 1787-1867. Convict Indents were foundational documents for other record sets. From Newgate to the New World, A Study of London's Transported Female Convicts, 1718-1775 . At least seven perished from this treatment. Between 1776 and 1795 nearly 2000 out of almost 6000 convicts held on hulks, died. #PAGE 15 The respective Names of convicts Sums raised and to l. assizes felons and vaga-whom ordered bonds ordered for London, 1656-1775. Convicts were sent to Tasmania (formerly Van Diemens Land) in 1803. Appendix III: Benjamin Franklin Has His Say. David Hinds and George Dormon were expected by their She may also have been one of those who fell into the hands of the soul-drivers. A woman transported on the Charlotte in Birth Name. Convicted criminals could choose between prison/execution or joining the 1-2. These records contain details of over 125,000 convicts tried in England, Scotland, and Wales, as well as a small number of Irish convicts, between the years of 1787 and 1867. Sent to: Fremantle Prison, Fremantle, Western Australia. The captain acted with brutality in ordering the ringleaders to receive 700 lashes, then to be thrown back into the prison without any medical assistance or water. The people Appendix VI: Specimen Eithteenth Century Transportation Bond. As a soldier, Roberts role was to provide security whenever convicts were at work or moving from place to place within the Bound for W.A. Nature of Source. Girls Names. Sentence: 10 years. The primary reason for settling America was not to house convicts, however as many as 160,000 (and these figures vary depending on the reference quoted) were sent - a Thereof, how many convicts were on the first fleet altogether? Names of convicts, sentence place and date including a number of court martials from Bermuda can be found on Ancestry under Australian Convict Transfer Registers 1791 1868, slides 240 to 251. At first, British convicts were sent to the colonies in North America but that option was halted by the American Revolutionary War (17751783). Ninety percent of them stayed in Maryland and Virginia. Eventually, Swan River (Western Australia) would become a third penal colony when the failing settlement requested an injection of convict labourers (1850-1868). MORE INFO America Girl. On April 16, 1722, The Boston News-Letter protested British shipment of convicts to the American colonies in a more direct manner: Eighty five Felons have been lately Index to Assisted British Immigration 1839-1871 Search for names of immigrants from Britain to Victoria, Australia between 1839 and 1871. Information is included in Beginning in 1787 the ships departed with about 759 convicts (586 men, 192 women), provisions and agricultural implements. 19 Crimes takes its name from the list of crimes for which people could be The British government did not designate destinations for convicts, but instead contracted merchants to ship them out. ML MSS 509 2b. The majority died from diseases such as typhoid and cholera. Answer (1 of 6): Transportation to Australia started after transportation of convicts to America was stopped. Why was Australia chosen as a destination? More than 160,000 convicts ultimately ended up in Australia as a result of penal transportation. Thomas Rowlandson (17561827), Convicts embarking for Botany Bay 180-?, nla.obj-135232630. A List of several convict felons and vagabonds ordered for transportation, for whom money was raised on the said County, and the several sums raised for that purpose for these seven years This document is the convict James Revels colorful memoir of being sent to Virginia as a criminal in the mid-to-late 17th century. The one ship that stood out among the Second Fleet was Lady Juliana, which only carried female convicts. These records contain details of over 125,000 convicts tried in England, Scotland, and Wales, as well as a small number of Irish convicts, between the years of 1787 and 1867. Cornelius Dwyer Kane (aka Keane), a law clerk Cornelius Dwyer Kane (aka Keane), a law clerk from Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland was convicted for treason and transported on the Hougoumont. List of convicts sent out from Ireland in 1800 in the ship Anne. 21 Feb 1800. Includes Alphabetical Lists of the First, Second and Third Fleet convicts. US Girl. It gives the name of the convict, his/her age or birth year, birthplace or place of trial, occupation, marital status, ship, and year of arrival. As a soldier, Roberts role was to provide security whenever convicts were at work or moving from place to place within the settlement. YOU. 2 Gentleman's Magazine, 92. Not all felons shipped for America arrived there. "In 1748, Feb. 28, thirty-seven convicts, being the remains of 135 that suffered shipwreck in the Downs, bound for Maryland, made their escape out of a lighter in which they were brought back above London Bridge. A list of 784 Convicts sent to New South, 1787. The National Museum of Australia holds the worlds largest The people in charge wanted to keep costs low. 3. During the 17 th, 18 th and 19 th centuries, transportation was a common sentence for people convicted of crimes for which the death name. Theft, larceny, and burglary were the most common crimes and about 28,000 people received a life sentence. Sentence: 10 years. transported to America between 1718 and 1775, the records for such convicts are sadly largely no longer extant). Lists name, where convicted, date of conviction, and number of years to serve. First Names. Burglary or housebreaking was considered a more serious form of theft because of the level of premeditation involved. Be aware that a small number of convicts were also transported to details of Over a span of 81 years (1787-1868), an estimated 160,000 convicts were sent from Britain to Australia. Sarah Wilson was among those who were transported to America. By willowpeak657 Plays-/5-RATE QUIZ. In 1840, twenty year-old Robert Young was serving at Port Arthur. Although This research guide, produced by The National Archives (England), describes records produced about convicts sent to Colonial The convicts were not fed very well. The amount of Initially criminals (including many women) were transported to the American colonies but after America attained independence in 1776, Australia became established as penal colony. The daily diet was often made up of ox-cheek, either boiled or made into soup, pease (peas), bread or biscuits. Transportation to America and the West Indies, 1615-1776. Approximately 160,000 convicts were transported to Australia between 1787 and 1867; 142,503 convicts (about 89%) are recorded on this website; 3,511 contributions have Women A list of 784 Convicts sent to New South, 1787. Over 160,000 convicts (most from the British Isles) were sent to Australia. Chairperson: John Eglin This thesis explores the contemporary perceptions of female convicts sentenced to transportation at the Old Bailey in London during the eighteenth century and the fate of these women in the American colonies. Western Australian accepted male convicts only from 1850 to 1868. They are personal and emotional mementos from convicts whose lives are more often represented by official government records. The First Fleet is the name given to the first group of eleven ships that carried convicts from England to Australia in 1788. And this is well over three quarters of all those convicts who were transported after 1830. Gilburri (18141902), Irish Fenian, transported to New South Wales in 1838 for desertion. The number of extant records is formidable. Ship & Departure date: 10 October 1867, Hougoumont. Joan of Arc. Contents: v. 1. Girl Names. Contains names of English convicts transported from England to the Americas between 1617-1775. Why Britain Sent Its Convicts to Australia. John Frost. Seventeen convicts died and two were pardoned before departure. Middlesex, 1617-1775 -- v. 2. Most of the convicts who were sent to America from Great Britain stayed in America, but some made it back to their home country, legally or illegally. The numbers of people sent to Australia increased between 1811 and 1830 and the peak years were seen to be the 1830s when over 43,000 men and 7,000 women were transported. Sent to: Fremantle Prison, Fremantle, Western Australia. More than 160,000 convicts ultimately ended up in Australia as a result of penal transportation. Britain started converting old merchant ships and naval vessels into floating prisons known as hulks. Convict Colonies. It includes over 123,000 of the 160,000 convicts transported to Australia. Most of the 50,000 convicts that Britain sent to America wound up in Maryland and Virginia, where they were auctioned off like cattle to plantation owners who were desperate for America 1831 Surgeon's Journal is an easy to read medical journal which described the illnesses and treatments used in the early 1830s. It gives the name of the convict, his/her age or birth year, birthplace or place of trial, occupation, marital status, ship, and year of arrival. According to the BBC, 724 people per 100,000 are locked up in the American After the end of the American War of Independence, Britain had to find new territory to send its convicts. A round figure of 162,000 can be taken as a good approximation for all convict arrivals between 1788 and 1868, when the last shipment went to Western Australia. Another common crime amongst male convicts in particular, stealing from a dwelling (as it was sometimes known) carried the death penalty. Baby. While the US is the land of the free, it paradoxically has the worlds largest prison population. Records were compiled from private and public sources including passenger lists, newspapers, church records, Of the 1,026 convicts who sailed, 267 died (26%) on the journey, and 40% were dead within the first six months in Australia. New South Wales (N.S.W) was selected as a suitable penal colony. Eighteen colonies in America received around 50,000 convicts during the 18th century, but 90% went to Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Top Girl. The amount of information listed varies, but the convict transportation registers usually include a combination of the following information about your ancestor: Name Again, in the Encyclopcedia Britannica, under Most of the convicts who were sent to America from Great Britain stayed in America, but some made it back to their home country, legally or illegally. Convict Facts. Convict Indents are one of the most detailed record sets on non-elite people in British history. "Felons-convict," or "convicts," were the words before used. The Convicts Memoir. More serious still was highway robbery. Many of these were on the River Thames. The story of Australias last convicts. By Tom Seaman June 7, 2022 19:49 BST. Contains a series of censuses of convicts which include the names of members of their families. In 1840, twenty year-old Robert Young was serving at Port Arthur. And from 1788 until 1868, Britain did send roughly 164,000 convicts to the land down under. Library has vols. These convicts (568 men, 191 women and 13 children) were the first white inhabitants of Australia. For some male convicts, their destination was Bermuda, 3,000 miles from home. A penal colony (or an exile colony) is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population. Between 1615 and 1699, English courts sent approximately 2,300 convicts to the American colonies. She was executed by being burned at the But lets look at some of these other groups. Convict transportation registers database (1787 - 1867) . Why were convicts sent to Australia? A List of several convict felons and vagabonds ordered for transportation, for whom money was raised on the said County, and the several sums raised for that purpose for these seven years last past. By Tom Seaman June 7, 2022 19:49 BST. More than 50,000 criminals had been transported to America by 1775. Extracted from a great variety of sources both in North America and Scotland, the information collected here would otherwise be difficult to access. Convict servant John Williams used his rudimentary knowledge of military drill as a means of cover to escape capture. Americas Lists name, where convicted, date of conviction, and number of years to serve. Highway robbery. Few records of these individuals survive, though legal records from this period may Between 1788 and 1868, the British government transported around 162,000 convicts from Britain and Ireland to serve their sentences in various penal colonies in Australia. Sailed on 24th April, 1849. In the 1700s, prior to the end of the practice in 1776, another 52,200 or more Strengths and Limitations. N.S.W. Before 1776, all convicts sentenced to transportation were sent to North America and the West Indies. Convict Ships Chronological Lists of all the Convict Transports sent from England. The loss of America as a dumping ground for British convicts led to overcrowding in British . 1791-1816 List of convict ships and prisoner's names from Ireland to Sydney, 1791-1816 at FamilySearch Catalog; Convicts sent to Australia after they were tried and convicted Australia continues to recognise the story of its modern founding to this day. Brittan had many reasons to send convicts to Australia. Thomas McCarthy Fennell (18411914), Irish Fenian, transported to Western The government turned to the vast southern continent that had been claimed for Britain by the explorer Captain James Cook in 1770. From 1718 to 1775, British courts banished 50,000 convicts to America--the largest body of immigrants, aside from African slaves, ever sent across the Atlantic--in hopes of restoring social peace at home without posing the threat to traditional freedoms raised by the death penalty or a harsh corrective system. It is estimated that of the 164,000 convicts that were shipped to Australia between 1788 and 1868 approximately 25,000 were women and 3000 were children (of undetermined sex). The convicts, many of them rebels, planned to seize the ship, kill the captain and officers, and sail to America. Records of convicts (including many women convicts) sentenced to transportation to America and other colonies or who had a death sentence commuted to The joke about Australia is that it was founded by a bunch of criminals. New South Wales was the initial Australian colony, formed in 1788 as a place to send convicts, after the scope to send them to North America had ceased! Guide to convict transportation from the National Archives of the United Kingdom. And from 1788 until 1868, Britain did send roughly 164,000 convicts to the land down under. Appendix IV: Transportation Clause from Pardon of 1655. Transportation to Australia began in 1787, 17 years after Captain Cook's discovery of Australia. 1 This record is the more notable as being the first one in which the word "transport" is used to mean a convict sent beyond sea. Find their trial transcript. Over fifty-two years from 1788 to 1840 when transportation of convicts came to an end, more than 12,000 women were transported to New South Wales. British Convicts to Australia. Entries compiled by the State Library of Queensland from British Home Office records. The convict ship Merchantman called to Bermuda 10 Oct 1862 to pick up 192 convicts to be transferred to Swan River Colony Western Australia. Why? The convicts sent to New South Wales also incurred considerable state expense compared to those sent to America. Convicts were the prisoners who filled overcrowded British prisons in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Because the death penalty was applied even to what we would consider minor offences, people were sent to prison for what we would consider to be misdemeanours, such as petty theft, or not crimes at all, Girls Names with US 2020 Can you name the Girls Names with US 2020? FCF names Chou family member, former yogurt entrepreneur as Bumble Bee CEO. In the Sydney Convict Archives I learned that in the 81 years of convict transportation six Magners from Ireland had been included or, more precisely, the Archives had records for that number. Convicts spent time on the hulks before being transported to Australia, the new destination for Britain 's criminals.. New solution to overcrowding. Sarah was an impostor and a fraudster. English, Irish, Scottish and military convicts transported to Western Australia between 1850 and 1868 physical descriptions and trial details. Published: January 8, 2018 10.40am EST. Of the 160,000 people sent, 81.8% were male and 18.8% were female. It gives the name of the convict, his/her age or birth year, birthplace or place of trial, occupation, marital status, ship, and year of arrival. Ship & Departure date: 10 October 1867, Hougoumont. sent for many years annually. This memoir eventually became so According to one author around 50,000 convicts were transported to North America over a 58-year period before girl. This resource contains immigration records for approximately 70,000 Scottish immigrants to the United States and Canada. The descendants of Irish people sold into slavery in the 1600s live in a close-knit community beset by poverty and ill health.